7/1/2023 0 Comments Monopoly history facts![]() The Commission is collectively accountable to Parliament under Article 234 TFEU. Not to engage in any other occupation, whether gainful or not.Ĭommissioners may be compulsorily retired by the Court of Justice, at the request of the Council or of the Commission itself, if they breach any of the above obligations or have been guilty of serious misconduct (Article 247 TFEU).To be completely independent in the performance of their duties, in the general interest of the Union in particular, they may neither seek nor take instructions from any government or other external body.Personal accountability (Article 245 TFEU) Since the Treaty of Maastricht, a Commissioner’s term of office has matched the European Parliament’s five-year term and is renewable. The President and the other members of the Commission, including the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, are subject to a vote of consent, as a body, by Parliament and are then appointed by the European Council, acting by a qualified majority. The Council of the European Union (hereinafter ‘the Council’), acting by a qualified majority and by common accord with the President-elect, adopts the list of the other persons whom it proposes for appointment as members of the Commission, on the basis of the suggestions made by Member States. ![]() This candidate is elected by Parliament by a majority of its component members (Article 17(7) TEU). The Treaty of Lisbon stipulates that the results of the European elections have to be taken into account when the European Council, after appropriate consultations (as set out in Declaration 11 on Article 17(6) and (7) TEU as an annex to the Treaty) and acting by a qualified majority, proposes the candidate for President of the Commission to Parliament. In 2009, the European Council decided that the Commission would continue to consist of a number of members equal to the number of Member States. ![]() At the same time, it introduced an element of flexibility by allowing the European Council to determine the number of Commissioners (Article 17(5) TEU). The Treaty of Lisbon originally stipulated that the membership of the Commission, from 1 November 2014, was to be equivalent to two thirds of the number of Member States. Composition and legal statusįor a long time the number of Commissioners per Member State had to be no less than one and no more than two. When the ECSC Treaty expired 50 years after its establishment in 2002, it was decided that ECSC assets should revert to the Commission, which would be responsible for winding up outstanding operations, for managing the ECSC’s assets and for ensuring the financing of research activities in sectors related to the coal and steel industry. By means of the Merger Treaty of 8 April 1965, both the executive structures of the ECSC, EEC and Euratom and the budgets of those institutions (with the most important being the Commission) were merged into a single Commission of the European Communities ( 1.1.2). ![]() HistoryĪt the beginning, each Community had its own executive body: the High Authority for the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) (1951) and a Commission for each of the two communities set up by the Treaty of Rome in 1957: the EEC and Euratom. Legal basisĪrticle 17 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU), Articles 234, 244 to 250, 290 and 291 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), and the Treaty Establishing a Single Council and a Single Commission of the European Communities (‘Merger Treaty’). The former comitology system has been replaced by new legal instruments, namely implementing and delegated acts. The Commission oversees the application of Union law and respect for the Treaties by the Member States it also chairs the committees responsible for the implementation of EU law. It is the principal executive body of the European Union and is formed by a College of members composed of one Commissioner per Member State. The Commission is the EU institution that has the monopoly on legislative initiative and important executive powers in policies such as competition and external trade. ![]()
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